Rotimi Adesanya
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Treatment
Treatment for sickle cell anaemia (SS) is
usually aimed at avoiding crises, relieving symptoms and preventing
complications. A person with sickle cell anaemia will need to make
regular visits to the hospital to check the red blood cell count and
monitor his/her health.
Treatment may include antibiotics,
vitamins, daily folic acid, blood transfusions, pain-relieving
medicines, supplemental oxygen, fluid therapy and other medications; and
possibly surgery to correct vision problems or to remove a damaged
spleen.
Self/home management: It
is advisable that a sickle cell patient drinks plenty of water, eat
balanced diets that contain all classes of food in the right
proportions, including fresh fruits and vegetables; take regular non
strenuous exercises, keep warm in cold weather, and cool in hot weather.
Antibiotics: Children
with sickle cell anaemia may begin taking the antibiotic penicillin when
they are about two months of age and continue taking it until they are
five years old.
Anti-malarials: Children with sickle cell anaemia should be given anti-malarial prophylaxis from time to time in order to prevent crises.
Pain-relieving medications:
To relieve pain during a sickle crisis, over-the-counter pain relievers
and application of heat to the affected area should be deployed.
Stronger pain medication can also be prescribed by the doctor.
Dietary supplements: Ciklavite, Trevor,
Jobelyn and many more are some dietary supplements (adjuvants) that play
supportive role in the management of sickle cell disease.
Hydroxyurea: When taken
daily, hydroxyurea reduces the frequency of painful crises and may
reduce the need for blood transfusions. It may be an option for adults
with severe case of the disease. It is only administered under strict
medical supervision.
Drepanostat: It is a new
drug for sickle cell disease. It relieves sickle cell crises, lessens
the pains and reverses the ‘sickling’ of the blood cells.
Blood transfusions: Blood transfusions increase the number of normal red blood cells in circulation, helping to relieve anaemia and stroke.
Vaccinations: Pneumococcal
vaccinations are given routinely to children with sickle cell disorder
because they are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection. The
incidence of infection can be minimised through the administration of
pneumococcal vaccine.
Prenatal diagnosis: Couples
for whom there is a real possibility of bearing children with sickle
cell anaemia are able to find out the haemoglobin genotypes of their
unborn child in early pregnancy and make informed decisions.
Cure, the ultimate treatment
On September 29, 2011, the University of
Benin Teaching Hospital recorded the first successful bone marrow
transplant by transmuting young Matthew from HBSS genotype to HBAA
genotype, using stem cells donated by his 14-year-old brother.
Matthew made history as the first
Nigerian to undergo bone marrow transplant successfully in the country.
His genotype is now AA. Few other families have also been able to have
their children with genotype SS change to AA by the transplant team at
UBTH.
A Nigerian couple, Mr. and Mrs. Ola
Majekodunmi, based in England who reads my column on a weekly basis also
shared their family experience and promised to render useful
information to Nigerians who also want their children’s genotype SS
changed to AA.
Their story: “My wife and I are more than
happy to help in our own little ways. You can drop us an email for any
specific questions regarding the new procedure that our daughter had,
perhaps some parents may want to take that route too! It is liberating.
“My Nigerian family lives with me in
England; our only child was, until June 2013, a full blown sickle cell
patient! My wife and I have decided to share our experience and we think
many Nigerian families may benefit from recent advances in medical
technology.
“Our sickle cell journey was rough,
unexpected and stressful, but we are now proud parents of a child that
is free of sickle cell complications. Our daughter, after several years
of sickle cell complications, was referred in June 2012 to the
haematologist at the University College Hospital London.
“He agreed to perform a half-match
(haplo-identical) Blood Marrow Transplant as a cure for our sickle cell
child and the whole process started in December 2012. I am happy to
report that the half-match BMT was successful, but as expected, not
without some challenges.
“We have a whole new era ahead of our
family and, especially our daughter whose childhood had almost been
taken away as a result of the then sickle cell nightmare and life
changing complications. We think many more affected children can benefit
from this new cure for sickle cell.”
The Majekodunmis shared this experience
from Dagenham, England, and they can be reached via delemajek@yahoo.com
for any clarifications and information.
Meanwhile, on behalf of the Dabma Sickle
Cell Foundation, I hereby invite my numerous readers to one-day summit
on sickle cell disease drug management on the occasion of the World
Sickle Cell Day, tomorrow Thursday June 19, 2014. The venue is NTA
Network Centre, Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island, Lagos.
•Concluded
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